中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所-高光谱遥感应用技术研究室

【作者】              朱海涛                                                                                                                                           

【导师】              王晋年；张霞

【 学位年度 】    2013

【论文级别】      硕士    

【关键词】          非点源污染   土地利用覆盖/分类   岳城水库流域    参数反演    耦合模型 

【Key words】    non-point  source  pollution;  land  use  and  cover  classification; Yuecheng reservoir basin; parametric inversion; coupling model

【中文摘要】

通过建立非点源污染模拟模型，模拟非点源污染产生、迁移和转化的过程，对非点源污染的控制、管理及水源地的保护具有理论意义和应用价值。本文立足于大尺度非点源污染负荷估算方法体系和岳城水库流域空间数据集，研究非点源污染模型与空间数据的耦合，提出基于像元的非点源污染负荷估算方法。主要完成两项工作：其一，在关键环境参数遥感反演方面，完成了流域土地利用/覆盖精细分类、植被覆盖度反演及流域土壤侵蚀空间分布数值模拟；其二，在流域非点源污染负荷估算方面，进行了非点源污染模型和空间数据的耦合，实现了基于像元的非点源污染负荷估算，并评估了岳城水库流域非点源污染负荷。论文主要研究内容和成果如下：

（1）针对半干旱地区的下垫面特征，构建了基于面向对象的决策树分类规则，对岳城水库流域TM影像进行土地利用/覆盖分类，总的分类精度达86.95%，Kappa系数达0.8518，分类结果精度较高，满足应用的需求；基于像元二分法进行了岳城水库流域植被覆盖度反演，表明岳城水库流域植被覆盖度以中高覆盖为主，占整个流域的50%以上；基于通用土壤流失方程（USLE）进行了岳城水库流域土壤侵蚀数值模拟，岳城水库流域土壤侵蚀总体情况不严重，微度侵蚀（侵蚀模数小于5t/hm2a）区域面积占73%，轻侵蚀（侵蚀模数大于5t/hm2·a小于25t/hm2·a）区域面积占26%。

（2） 以溶解态二元结构模型和吸附态负荷模型为核心，结合遥感参数等多元数据，研究了多元数据与大尺度非点源污染模型的耦合过程，实现了基于像元的非点源污染负荷估算。模型验证结果显示，氮、磷、氨氮和COD污染负荷的相对误差分别为10.11%、37.37%、28.89%和9.76%。

（3）以基于像元的大尺度非点源污染估算模型为基础，估算了岳城水库流域的非点源污染氮、磷、氨氮和COD的污染负荷，结果显示，溶解态氮、磷、氨氮和COD的污染负荷分别为1369.05t、134.9t、482.28t和1241.79t；吸附态氮和磷的污染负荷分别为531.44t和210.45t。

【Abstract】

The  process  of  generation,  migration  and  transformation  of  non-point  source pollution    is simulated by means of the model of non-point source pollution，which is of    theoretical  significance  and  practical  value  to  control  and  management  of non-point  source pollution  and  the  protection  to  water  sources.  Based  on  the methodology  of  estimation  of  non-point  source  pollution  load  in  the  large - scale basins and the spatial datasets of Yuecheng reservoir basin, this paper studies on the coupling of spatial  data and the  model  of  non-point  source  pollution and  proposes  a method  of  estimation  of  non-point  source  pollution  load  based  on  pixel. The  study concentrates  mainly  on  two  aspects:  For  inversion  of  the  key  environmental parameters, the research finishes the land use and cover classification, the inversion of vegetation  coverage and the  simulation  of  soil  erosion. For  estimation  of  non-point source  pollution  load,  the  research  couples  spatial  data  to  the  model  of  non-point pollution, accomplishes estimation of non-point source pollution based on pixel, and
estimates the non-point pollution load in Yuecheng reservoir basin. Main contents and results are summarized as follows:

1.  According  to  the  underlying  surface  characteristics  of  semi-arid  areas,  the decision  tree  classification  rules  based  on  object-oriented  were  established  in  this study.  The  results  of  land  use  and  cover  classification  in  Yuecheng  reservoir  basin showed  that  the overall  accuracy  reaches  86.95%  and  the  coefficient  of  KAPPA reaches  0.8518  which  meets  the  requirements  of  estimating  the  non-point  source pollution. The vegetation coverage was inverted based on binary pixel model, and the results showed that the high vegetation coverage accounting for more than 50% of the entire basin in Yuecheng reservoir basin. Soil erosion was simulated Soil erosion was calculated based on USLE, and the results showed that the erosion modulus less than 5t/hm2 • a accounting for 73%, and erosion modulus between 5t/hm2 • a and 25 t/hm2 • a accounting for 26% of the entire basin. In general, the situation of soil erosion is not serious in Yuecheng reservoir basin.

2.  The  research  is  focus on  coupling  spatial  data  and  the  model  of  non-point  III pollution, accomplishes estimation of non-point source pollution based on pixel, and the Model validation results showed that the relative error of TN, TP, NH 4+ and CODis respectively 10.11%、37.37%、28.89% and 9.76%.

3. The non-point source pollution load is estimated by the method of estimation of non-point  source  pollution  load  in  the  large-scale  basins  based  on  pixel  in  the Yuecheng  reservoir  basin,  and  the  results  showed  that  the  load  of nitrogen,phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and COD which is in the dissolved state respectively is  1369.05t,  134.9t,  482.28t  and1241.79t,  and  the  load  of nitrogen and phosphorus which is in the adsorbed state is respectively 531.44t and 210.45t.