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Monitoring of cold energy leaks in Darwin, Australia
Monitoring of cold energy leaks in Darwin, Australia

Urban is a complex, the environment of which is seriously impacted by human’s social and economic activities. With the rapid urbanization of China, the effect of urban heat islands has increased, which makes the temperature in cities higher than that in nearby rural areas. Surface temperature and reflectivity inversion are key challenges for urban heat island monitoring. In 2008, Xuet al. used airborne hyperspectral imagery data (OMIS) to model the sensible heat flux from Shanghai on multiple spatial scales. They suggested that using much lower spatial resolution, spaceborne image data is a practical solution for heat flux determination [119]. The IRSA, CAS performed synchronization trials for hyperspectral thermal infrared imagery obtained by TASI and field measurements in Shi Jiazhuang, Hebei province, from July to August 2010. As part of this trial, Yanget al. accurately isolated the surface temperature and emissivity based on TASI data [120](Fig. 18). Yanget al. also analyzed the influence of spectral resolution on the precision of the temperature retrieval. They found that 0.172 µm was a significant spectral indicator for future thermal infrared hyperspectral sensors [121].As well as monitoring urban heat islands, we were also invited to monitor the urban energy waste in Darwin city of Australia using the MAIS onboard the Citation S/II aircraft in the 1990s. The successful experiment was reported as “Hi-tech check shows energy waste in city” by Australia News in 1991. Fig.19 shows the cool objects (red color) due to cold energy leaking from roofs of air-conditioned rooms.